{"id":1962,"date":"2021-11-18T14:32:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-18T13:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flottaokosan.hu\/?p=1962"},"modified":"2024-12-04T11:43:23","modified_gmt":"2024-12-04T10:43:23","slug":"az-elektromos-autok-fajtai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flottaokosan.hu\/az-elektromos-autok-fajtai\/","title":{"rendered":"Az elektromos aut\u00f3k fajt\u00e1i"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Az elektromos aut\u00f3k fajt\u00e1i<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Az elektromos aut\u00f3 kifejez\u00e9shez szinte mindenki m\u00e1s-m\u00e1s k\u00e9pzetet t\u00e1rs\u00edt, ami r\u00e9szben \u00e9rthet\u0151, hiszen az elektromos meghajt\u00e1s sokf\u00e9le form\u00e1ban ker\u00fclt m\u00e1r bele a k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 fajt\u00e1iba. \u00c9ppen emiatt a soksz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9g miatt nem is sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges, hogy az elektromos aut\u00f3 kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1r\u00f3l mindenkinek ugyanaz jusson az esz\u00e9be.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Mi az az elektromos aut\u00f3?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Az elektromos aut\u00f3 egy egy vagy t\u00f6bb elektromos motor \u00e1ltal hajtott k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si eszk\u00f6z. A meghajt\u00e1shoz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges elektromos \u00e1ramot akkumul\u00e1torban vagy m\u00e1s energiat\u00e1rol\u00f3 eszk\u00f6zben viszi mag\u00e1val. A villanyaut\u00f3sok t\u00f6bbs\u00e9ge egyet\u00e9rt abban, hogy az elektromos aut\u00f3 elnevez\u00e9st kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag a tiszt\u00e1n elektromos, teh\u00e1t bels\u0151 \u00e9g\u00e9s\u0171 motort nem haszn\u00e1l\u00f3 j\u00e1rm\u0171vekre haszn\u00e1ljuk, de a k\u00f6znyelvben nagyon sokszor a m\u00e1s er\u0151forr\u00e1sokkal k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 m\u00f3don kombin\u00e1lt, teh\u00e1t hibrid aut\u00f3kat is elektromos aut\u00f3 n\u00e9ven illetik.<\/p>

A tiszt\u00e1n elektromos aut\u00f3k korl\u00e1tainak kompenz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra az elektromos meghajt\u00e1st a gy\u00e1rt\u00f3k a vev\u0151k megnyugtat\u00e1sa c\u00e9lj\u00e1b\u00f3l gyakran m\u00e1s meghajt\u00e1si form\u00e1kkal kombin\u00e1lj\u00e1k.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hibrid aut\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Olyan, els\u0151dlegesen robban\u00f3motoros j\u00e1rm\u0171 (t\u00f6bbnyire benzines, de d\u00edzeles v\u00e1ltozatok is l\u00e9teznek), amiben a hajt\u00e1st elektromotor(ok) is seg\u00edtik. Az aut\u00f3 egy kis kapacit\u00e1s\u00fa akkumul\u00e1torban t\u00e1rolja a regenerat\u00edv f\u00e9kez\u00e9skor termelt energi\u00e1t, amit gyors\u00edt\u00e1skor vagy folyamatos halad\u00e1skor is fel tud haszn\u00e1lni az aut\u00f3 mozgat\u00e1s\u00e1ra. A hibrid aut\u00f3k egy r\u00e9sze k\u00e9pes tiszt\u00e1n elektromos \u00fczemben is menni n\u00e9h\u00e1ny km-t, de van olyan modell is, amiben az elektromotorok csak a gyors\u00edt\u00e1shoz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges energiat\u00f6bbletet biztos\u00edtj\u00e1k. A fogyaszt\u00e1s cs\u00f6kken\u00e9s\u00e9t ezek az aut\u00f3k a f\u00e9kez\u00e9skor visszanyert energia \u00fajrahasznos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val \u00e9rik el. Ezek az aut\u00f3k k\u00fcls\u0151 \u00e1ramforr\u00e1sb\u00f3l nem t\u00f6lthet\u0151k, \u00e9s az akkumul\u00e1toruk maximum n\u00e9h\u00e1ny km-es tiszt\u00e1n elektromos meghajt\u00e1shoz tudnak el\u00e9g energi\u00e1t elt\u00e1rolni. A Toyota vitte sikerre a Prius modellel, de szinte m\u00e1r minden aut\u00f3gy\u00e1r k\u00edn\u00e1l ilyen aut\u00f3kat, amelyekben a Prius el\u0151t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9t ismerve a v\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00f3k megb\u00edznak.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Toyota Prius 4<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Konnektoros (plug-in) hibrid<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Az el\u0151z\u0151 kateg\u00f3ria nagyobb akkumul\u00e1torral \u00e9s k\u00fcls\u0151 t\u00f6lt\u00e9si lehet\u0151s\u00e9ggel felv\u00e9rtezett v\u00e1ltozata. A tiszt\u00e1n elektromos hat\u00f3t\u00e1v 20-50 km-re n\u0151, amit rendszerint csak labor k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6zt tudnak el\u00e9rni. A f\u0171t\u00e9s vagy a h\u0171t\u00e9s bekapcsol\u00e1sakor sokszor azonnal indul a bels\u0151 \u00e9g\u00e9s\u0171 motor, hiszen az el\u0151z\u0151 megold\u00e1shoz hasonl\u00f3an az sz\u00e1m\u00edt az els\u0151dleges meghajt\u00e1si form\u00e1nak. B\u00e1r elm\u00e9letileg t\u00f6bbet k\u00edn\u00e1lnak a sima hibrid aut\u00f3kn\u00e1l, a gyakorlatban ez az el\u0151ny csak az aut\u00f3s folyamatos odafigyel\u00e9se eset\u00e9n (amikor csak lehet t\u00f6lti az akkumul\u00e1tort) jelentkezik. Az aut\u00f3st semmi sem k\u00e9nyszer\u00edti arra, hogy az elektromos meghajt\u00e1st haszn\u00e1lja. A kateg\u00f3ria angol elnevez\u00e9se (plug-in hibrid electric vehicle) alapj\u00e1n ezek az aut\u00f3k gyakran a PHEV jel\u00f6l\u00e9st kapj\u00e1k. (K\u00f6rnyezetv\u00e9delmi besorol\u00e1s: 5P)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Volvo CX90 PHEV (plug-in hibrid)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Hat\u00f3t\u00e1v n\u00f6velt elektromos aut\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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A hat\u00f3t\u00e1v n\u00f6velt elektromos aut\u00f3k m\u00e1r tiszt\u00e1n elektromotorokkal hajtott j\u00e1rm\u0171vek, amelyekbe a gy\u00e1rt\u00f3 egy kis m\u00e9ret\u0171, \u00e1ramtermel\u00e9si c\u00e9lra optimaliz\u00e1lt benzinmotort is szerel. A benzinmotor feladata, hogy sz\u00fcks\u00e9g eset\u00e9n t\u00f6ltse az akkumul\u00e1tort, hogy nagyobb t\u00e1vok is megtehet\u0151k legyenek k\u00fcls\u0151 akkumul\u00e1tort\u00f6lt\u00e9s n\u00e9lk\u00fcl is. Ezek az aut\u00f3k teljes \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 elektromos aut\u00f3k\u00e9nt is haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3k, hiszen 100-150 km megt\u00e9tel\u00e9re is k\u00e9pesek tiszt\u00e1n elektromos \u00fczemben. Az ilyen j\u00e1rm\u0171vek tulajdonosai a mindennapi \u00e9letben \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban nem is haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k az \u00e1ramfejleszt\u0151t, az csak a hosszabb utakon seg\u00edt a tov\u00e1bbjut\u00e1sban, illetve megl\u00e9te megnyugtat\u00f3an hat a sof\u0151r sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. A v\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00f3k nagy t\u00f6meg\u00e9nek villanyaut\u00f3kkal kapcsolatos bizalmatlans\u00e1ga miatt \u00f3ri\u00e1si sikere van, hiszen megadja a val\u00f3di lehet\u0151s\u00e9get a tiszt\u00e1n elektromos aut\u00f3z\u00e1sra, mik\u00f6zben a kiforrott technol\u00f3gia \u00e1ltal biztos\u00edtott \u201ekorl\u00e1tlan\u201d hat\u00f3t\u00e1vr\u00f3l sem kell lemondani. H\u00e1tr\u00e1nya a tiszt\u00e1n elektromos meghajt\u00e1ssal szemben, hogy a kieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u0151 motor miatt tov\u00e1bbra is sz\u00fcks\u00e9g van a sok alkatr\u00e9szt rejt\u0151, bonyolult, \u00e9s karbantart\u00e1sig\u00e9nyes robban\u00f3motorra is, ami j\u00f3csk\u00e1n megemeli az \u00e1rat \u00e9s a fenntart\u00e1si k\u00f6lts\u00e9geket. A hat\u00f3t\u00e1v n\u00f6vel\u0151 kifejez\u00e9s angol megfelel\u0151je (range extender) alapj\u00e1n az ilyen aut\u00f3kat gyakran REX bet\u0171sz\u00f3val is jel\u00f6lik. (K\u00f6rnyezetv\u00e9delmi besorol\u00e1s: 5N)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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BMW i3 REX<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00dczemanyagcell\u00e1s elektromos aut\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Szint\u00e9n tiszt\u00e1n elektromos aut\u00f3, amiben a meghajt\u00e1shoz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges energi\u00e1t nem hagyom\u00e1nyos akkumul\u00e1torban, hanem foly\u00e9kony hidrog\u00e9n form\u00e1j\u00e1ban t\u00e1rolj\u00e1k. A hidrog\u00e9n el\u0151nye, hogy gyorsan tankolhat\u00f3, \u00edgy a 20-60 perces akkumul\u00e1tort\u00f6lt\u00e9ssel szemben a hidrog\u00e9ntart\u00e1ly n\u00e9h\u00e1ny perc alatt \u00fajrat\u00f6lthet\u0151. A hidrog\u00e9nb\u0151l egy \u00fczemanyagcella (innen az angol fuel cell electric vehicle, FCEV vagy FCV elnevez\u00e9s) \u00e1ll\u00edtja el\u0151 az elektromos \u00e1ramot, amit azut\u00e1n a tiszt\u00e1n elektromos meghajt\u00e1s tud hasznos\u00edtani. Az ilyen rendszerekben \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban egy akkumul\u00e1tor is megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, amit az \u00fczemanyagcella \u00e9s a motorok k\u00f6z\u00e9 \u00e9kelnek be az \u00fczemanyag cella \u00e1ltal \u00e9s a regenerat\u00edv f\u00e9kez\u00e9s \u00e1ltal termelt \u00e1ram \u00e1tmeneti t\u00e1rol\u00e1s\u00e1ra. B\u00e1r t\u00f6bb aut\u00f3gy\u00e1rt\u00f3 is belefogott \u00fczemanyagcell\u00e1s aut\u00f3k fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9be, egyel\u0151re \u00fagy t\u0171nik, hogy a hidrog\u00e9n el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak, sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak \u00e9s a t\u00f6lt\u0151h\u00e1l\u00f3zat ki\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9nek rendk\u00edv\u00fcl magas k\u00f6lts\u00e9ge miatt ez a hajt\u00e1si m\u00f3d egyel\u0151re nem fog elterjedni. Ezek az aut\u00f3k a cikk \u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1nak idej\u00e9n kereskedelmi forgalomban m\u00e9g nem kaphat\u00f3k (n\u00e9h\u00e1ny teszt projektt\u0151l eltekintve).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Toyota Mirai<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tiszt\u00e1n elektromos aut\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ez az az aut\u00f3t\u00edpus, amit a legt\u00f6bb villanyaut\u00f3s elektromos aut\u00f3k\u00e9nt elismer. Az energi\u00e1t akkumul\u00e1torba (jelenleg t\u00f6bbnyire l\u00edtium-ion) t\u00f6ltve viszi mag\u00e1val, csak k\u00fcls\u0151 forr\u00e1sb\u00f3l t\u00f6lthet\u0151, robban\u00f3motort nem tartalmaz \u00e9s tiszt\u00e1n elektromos motorokkal m\u0171k\u00f6dik. Az akkumul\u00e1torok magas \u00e1ra, nagy t\u00f6mege \u00e9s relat\u00edve kis kapacit\u00e1sa miatt a k\u00f6z\u00e9pkateg\u00f3ri\u00e1s modellek hat\u00f3t\u00e1vja 100-250 km, ami miatt els\u0151sorban v\u00e1rosi \u00e9s el\u0151v\u00e1rosi k\u00f6zleked\u00e9sre alkalmasak. Kaphat\u00f3k m\u00e1r azonban olyan modellek is (pl. Tesla Model S, Model X), amelyek egyetlen t\u00f6lt\u00e9ssel ak\u00e1r 400-500 km megt\u00e9tel\u00e9re k\u00e9pesek, \u00e9s a k\u00f6z\u00e9pkateg\u00f3ri\u00e1ba is \u00e9rkeznek a 300-500 km-es hat\u00f3t\u00e1vols\u00e1g\u00fa v\u00e1ltozatok. A j\u00f6v\u0151ben az akkumul\u00e1tor hely\u00e9re a j\u00f6v\u0151ben m\u00e1s, hat\u00e9konyabb energiat\u00e1rol\u00f3 rendszer is beszerelhet\u0151. A tiszt\u00e1n elektromos aut\u00f3 el\u0151nye a nulla lok\u00e1lis szennyez\u00e9s, a hangtalan \u00e9s rezg\u00e9smentes \u00fczem, a nagy nyomat\u00e9k, az otthoni t\u00f6lthet\u0151s\u00e9g, a minim\u00e1lis karbantart\u00e1si ig\u00e9ny \u00e9s a rendk\u00edv\u00fcl olcs\u00f3 \u00fczemeltet\u00e9s. A tiszt\u00e1n elektromos aut\u00f3k el\u0151nyeir\u0151l k\u00fcl\u00f6n oldalon \u00edrtunk. A kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1t az angol battery electric vehicle kifejez\u00e9sb\u0151l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 BEV sz\u00f3val jel\u00f6lj\u00fck. (K\u00f6rnyezetv\u00e9delmi besorol\u00e1s: 5E)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Tesla Model 3 BEV<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tforr\u00e1s \u00e9s k\u00e9pek: villanyautosok.hu<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Az elektromos aut\u00f3k fajt\u00e1i Az elektromos aut\u00f3 kifejez\u00e9shez szinte mindenki m\u00e1s-m\u00e1s k\u00e9pzetet t\u00e1rs\u00edt, ami r\u00e9szben \u00e9rthet\u0151, hiszen az elektromos meghajt\u00e1s sokf\u00e9le form\u00e1ban ker\u00fclt m\u00e1r bele a k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 fajt\u00e1iba. \u00c9ppen emiatt a soksz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9g miatt nem is sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges, hogy az elektromos aut\u00f3 kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1r\u00f3l mindenkinek ugyanaz jusson az esz\u00e9be. Mi az az elektromos aut\u00f3? Az elektromos … Olvass tov\u00e1bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1965,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1962","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cikkek"],"yoast_head":"\nAz elektromos aut\u00f3k fajt\u00e1i | Flotta Okosan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/flottaokosan.hu\/az-elektromos-autok-fajtai\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Az elektromos aut\u00f3k fajt\u00e1i | Flotta Okosan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Az elektromos aut\u00f3k fajt\u00e1i Az elektromos aut\u00f3 kifejez\u00e9shez szinte mindenki m\u00e1s-m\u00e1s k\u00e9pzetet t\u00e1rs\u00edt, ami r\u00e9szben \u00e9rthet\u0151, hiszen az elektromos meghajt\u00e1s sokf\u00e9le form\u00e1ban ker\u00fclt m\u00e1r bele a k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 fajt\u00e1iba. \u00c9ppen emiatt a soksz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9g miatt nem is sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges, hogy az elektromos aut\u00f3 kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1r\u00f3l mindenkinek ugyanaz jusson az esz\u00e9be. 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